Targeted Therapy for Thyroid Cancer
Most thyroid cancers are cured with surgery and, where needed, radioactive iodine. For the minority that are advanced, recurrent or no longer respond to radioactive iodine, targeted therapies offer additional options.
These medicines act on specific molecular pathways that drive cancer growth, rather than killing cells indiscriminately like traditional chemotherapy.
Last medically reviewed: 15 November 2025
How targeted therapy works
Targeted drugs block particular proteins or mutations that cancer cells rely on to grow and spread. In thyroid cancer these include tyrosine kinase inhibitors and, for cancers with specific mutations, BRAF or RET inhibitors.
Because they are more selective than chemotherapy, side effects differ and are often manageable with dose adjustment.
When it is used
Targeted therapy is considered for advanced, progressive or metastatic thyroid cancer, especially when radioactive iodine is no longer effective. It is also used in medullary and anaplastic cancers in selected cases.
The choice of drug depends on the cancer type and, increasingly, on genetic testing of the tumour.
What to expect
These treatments are usually given as tablets or by infusion and are monitored with regular scans and blood tests. Common side effects include fatigue, skin changes, high blood pressure, diarrhoea and liver test changes.
Clinical trials may offer access to newer agents. Treatment decisions are made by a multidisciplinary team.
Frequently asked questions
Will I need targeted therapy?
Most thyroid cancers are treated successfully with surgery and sometimes radioactive iodine. Targeted therapy is reserved for advanced or iodine-resistant disease.
Is it a cure?
Targeted therapy usually aims to slow the cancer and control symptoms rather than cure it, though some people respond very well and for a long time.
Are side effects manageable?
Side effects are different from chemotherapy and are often managed by adjusting the dose and treating symptoms. Your team will monitor you closely.
References & further reading
This page is based on established medical knowledge and guidelines from authoritative sources. Always consult a qualified clinician for personal medical advice.
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