The Thyroidectomy Procedure
Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. Knowing what the procedure involves, step by step, helps you prepare and reduces anxiety.
This page walks through what happens before, during and immediately after thyroid surgery.
Last medically reviewed: 15 November 2025
Before the operation
You will usually have pre-operative blood tests, including thyroid function and calcium, and sometimes a vocal cord check. Your surgeon will explain whether a partial (lobectomy) or total thyroidectomy is planned and why.
You will be asked to fast before surgery and to review your medications, especially blood thinners and thyroid tablets.
During the operation
Thyroidectomy is performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision in a natural crease at the base of the neck and carefully removes the targeted part of the gland.
Great care is taken to protect the parathyroid glands, which control calcium, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves, which control the voice. Many surgeons use intraoperative nerve monitoring to reduce the risk of voice changes.
After the operation
Most patients go home the same day or after a short stay. You may have a sore throat and a small dressing over the incision. Calcium levels and your voice are checked before discharge.
Temporary hoarseness or low calcium can occur and usually settles. Permanent complications are uncommon in experienced hands.
Recovering well
Most people return to normal activities within one to two weeks. Avoid strenuous lifting for a short period and keep the incision clean and protected from the sun to help the scar fade.
After total thyroidectomy you will start lifelong levothyroxine; after lobectomy the remaining lobe often continues to work, but monitoring continues.
Frequently asked questions
How long does thyroid surgery take?
A partial thyroidectomy usually takes about one to two hours and a total thyroidectomy somewhat longer, depending on the complexity and whether lymph nodes are removed.
Will I have a scar?
Yes, but the incision is placed in a natural skin crease and is typically only a few centimetres long. It fades significantly over months.
What are the main risks?
The main risks are temporary or, rarely, permanent voice change from nerve injury, and low calcium from parathyroid effects. Experienced surgeons and nerve monitoring reduce these risks.
References & further reading
This page is based on established medical knowledge and guidelines from authoritative sources. Always consult a qualified clinician for personal medical advice.
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