Alcohol Ablation for Thyroid Cysts
Alcohol ablation — ethanol ablation — is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat recurrent benign thyroid cysts and some solid nodules. A small amount of alcohol is injected into the cyst after fluid is drained, irritating the lining so that it stops refilling.
It is an alternative to repeated drainage or surgery for suitable benign lesions.
Last medically reviewed: 15 November 2025
Key points
- Alcohol ablation treats recurrent benign thyroid cysts.
- It is performed with a needle, usually under ultrasound guidance.
- It avoids surgery and general anaesthetic.
- It is not suitable for suspicious or malignant nodules.
How it works
The cyst is first aspirated to remove fluid. Alcohol is then injected to destroy the cells lining the cyst, reducing the chance of reaccumulation. The alcohol is usually left in place for a short time and then removed.
The procedure is performed under local anaesthetic and ultrasound guidance.
Who it suits
It is considered for benign cysts that recur after simple aspiration and cause symptoms such as neck discomfort, pressure or cosmetic concern.
The nodule must be confirmed benign, usually by cytology and ultrasound, before ablation is considered.
What to expect
The procedure takes around 15–30 minutes. There may be mild discomfort or a burning sensation during the injection, and some bruising afterwards.
The cyst usually shrinks over weeks to months. A repeat procedure may be needed in a minority of cases.
Risks
Complications are uncommon but include pain, bleeding, infection and temporary voice change. Recurrence can occur, and surgery may be needed if ablation is unsuccessful.
When to seek urgent medical help
- Fever or spreading redness after the procedure.
- Rapid neck swelling or difficulty breathing.
- A new voice change that persists.
This guidance does not replace emergency services. If you are seriously unwell, seek urgent medical care immediately.
Frequently asked questions
Is alcohol ablation painful?
There may be mild discomfort or burning during the injection, but local anaesthetic is used and most people tolerate it well.
Will the cyst come back?
It is less likely than after simple drainage, but recurrence can occur and a repeat procedure may be needed.
Can it be used for solid nodules?
It can be used for some benign solid nodules, but it is most established for cysts. Suspicious nodules are not treated this way.
Is it available in Nepal?
Availability varies. Ask your specialist whether it is an option in your setting.
References & further reading
This page is based on established medical knowledge and guidelines from authoritative sources. Always consult a qualified clinician for personal medical advice.
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